Nonfiction

Guerras de la información

Guerras de la información

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  • Create Date：2021-05-14 08:16:00
  • Update Date：2025-09-23
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  • Author：Richard Stengel
  • ISBN：8417968954
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Summary

Durante los tres últimos años de la administración Obama， Richard Stengel， exeditor de la revista Time y subsecretario de Estado， estuvo en la primera línea de la nueva guerra de información global。 En aquel momento， fue la única persona del Gobierno encargada de deshacer， negar y combatir tanto los mensajes de ISIS como la desinformación rusa。 Después， en el año 2016， con las elecciones presidenciales en marcha， Stengel observó cómo Donald Trump utilizó la desinformación a su favor aprovechándose de las quejas de los ciudadanos estadounidenses que se sentían excluidos por el sistema actual。

De hecho， Stengel enseguida se dio cuenta de que las tres partes estaban utilizando la misma estrategia: ISIS buscaba devolver al islam su grandeza; Putin intentaba que Rusia volviera a ser grande; y todos conocemos a Donald Trump。

Narrado como si de un thriller se tratara， Guerras de la información llevará al lector a través de una frustrante batalla。 Stengel se mueve por Rusia， Ucrania， Arabia Saudí e Irak e introduce personajes como Putin， Hillary Clinton， John Kerry o Mohamed bin Salmán para demostrar como la desinformación impacta en nuestra sociedad global。 El autor muestra como ISIS aterrorizó al mundo entero a través de las redes sociales， y cómo los rusos se convirtieron en el modelo para su intervención en las elecciones presidenciales de 2016 en Estados Unidos。

Un libro muy necesario para nuestros tiempos， que demuestra que debemos encontrar el camino para combatir las crecientes amenazas contra nuestra democracia。

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Reviews

Cathy ，

A quick and easy read。 The most interesting stuff is behind the scenes how the State Department works （and doesn’t） through the eyes of an outsider who came in later in his successful career。 I also appreciated it starting with a glossary of acronyms。

VLT ，

Interesting insight into how the state department works。 Also a peek at recent history。 Would like to see a new edition of this book， with events of 2020 and 2021 put into this context。

Dan Stoyell ，

It's been a while since I read this。 I remember being disappointed that the vast majority of the book is a memoir rather than analytic。 That part wasn't insightful or interesting enough that I would have picked it up for that alone。 If you are interested in learning about the specific machinations of the federal government's more obscure arms， it might be a good fit。The latter part was much better。 It's a more focused analysis of how （most the US government） can and should respond to foreign thr It's been a while since I read this。 I remember being disappointed that the vast majority of the book is a memoir rather than analytic。 That part wasn't insightful or interesting enough that I would have picked it up for that alone。 If you are interested in learning about the specific machinations of the federal government's more obscure arms， it might be a good fit。The latter part was much better。 It's a more focused analysis of how （most the US government） can and should respond to foreign threats in the future。 。。。more

Ken Hamner ，

Very informative and interesting book。 Well worth reading， an important book given today’s political and media environment。

Christi Hardin ，

Really interesting material but not a fast read。 More facts than story but definitely fascinating observations given where we are as a country。

MH ，

As some reviewers have already mentioned， this reads like a memoir with a lot of political commentary。

Doug Newdick ，

An interesting piece of point in time history - what was it like to be part of the Obama administration fighting Russian and ISIS disinformation。 If you are interested in Russian troll factories， US responses to them， or the ongoing power struggles in cyberspace then this is a worthwhile read。

Keyton ，

This was a pretty good mix of inside baseball， a tour of how the sausage gets made， and the view from a front-row seat to some interesting world events。 The subtitle implies more analysis and less daily humdrum than the reality 。。。 the analysis was lacking but the tick-tock of events was engaging。 It was more TIME and less Atlantic， which I guess makes sense given Stengel's previous position。And of course， it was utterly disturbing！ Both the extent of Russia's and ISIS's mis-/disinformation camp This was a pretty good mix of inside baseball， a tour of how the sausage gets made， and the view from a front-row seat to some interesting world events。 The subtitle implies more analysis and less daily humdrum than the reality 。。。 the analysis was lacking but the tick-tock of events was engaging。 It was more TIME and less Atlantic， which I guess makes sense given Stengel's previous position。And of course， it was utterly disturbing！ Both the extent of Russia's and ISIS's mis-/disinformation campaigns， and our ineptitude in reacting to them even when we were willing to try （pre-election）， and doubly so when we started to turn a blind eye （post-election）。A few quotes for the memory bank:p。4 This quest for balance is a journalistic trap the Putin and ISS and the disinformationists exploit。 In a fundamental way， they win when an accepted fact is thrown open for debate。 Treating both sides of an argument as equal when one side is demonstrably false is not fair or balanced - it's just wrong。 As I used to tell the foreign service officers who were working to counter disinformation， "There aren't two sides to a lie。"p。31 In government in general and at State in particular， meetings are not preparation for work， they are the work。 People prepared for meetings， they participated in them， and then they summarized what had happened for another meeting。 In government， meetings are the product。 People judged how they had done that day by hos the meetings had gone。" p。 129 The idea that history is written by the victors was an old-fashioned notion。 History was being written in the moment in 140 characters。 What was new about ISIS - and Russia - was that they were writing the history before the battle， shaping the victory narrative before there was a victory。p。 167 There's an old saying in journalism， 'We're faster than anyone better than us， and better than anyone faster。' CSCC was slower and worse。p。198 [Russia's Internet Research Agency definition of troll IN THEIR TRAINING MATERIAL FOR NEW TROLLS！] TROLL。 The purpose of the troll is to produce a quarrel which offends his interlocutor。 It is worth remembering that trolling is not writing articles to order。 It is a deliberate provocation with the goal of ridiculing your opponent。p。202 It was sobering。 They were equal-opportunity offenders。 They supported liberal causes and conservative ones。 There was no particular through-line or ideology in their messaging other than to stir up dissatisfaction and grievance in the audience。 In the same day， they created social media that said immigration was polluting America and that racism was keeping down African Americans。 。。。 。。。 If you engaged disinformationists - which is what they wanted - they won; if you didnot engage them， they won。 They tapped into prejudice and ignorance and grievance。 They weren't so much creating resentment as aggravating it。 p。 273 All the questions I got were fundamentally the same。 People around the world asking， "All that stuff you've been telling us for so long - about democracy and human rights and fairness and diversity - it's not really true， is it？" American public diplomacy is ultimately about values。 And now people around the world were saying that this story was a fiction。 It's not as though people around the world had never said that before。 We'd been called hypocrites long before Donald Trump decided to run for president。 But we'd never had someone running for president who so explicitly rejected those values both in his ideology and in his behavior。 That was something new。p。 285 [on a narrative for the 21st century] A few things seemed clear。 Strongmen， authoritarian nationalism， and illiberal democracies were all on the march。 Brutal non-state actors like ISIS were on the rise。 Big systems were under attack from small systems。 The politics of force seemed to be trampling the force of politics。 Disinformation was growing while free speech was shrinking。 Authoritarian regimes were anti-fact。"p。 291 Democracies aren't very good at fighting disinformation。 We are too open。 We value free speech in an information war。 Our Constitution and our laws are focused on protecting speech whether it is true or false。 That is in part because we've always believed that truth will win out。 As a result， we have very few laws or means for punishing or restricting the spread of speech that is false。 That now seems like a design flaw。 I'm not suggesting amending the First Amendment， but I do think it's worth examining whether speech that engenders prejudice and hatred should have the same protections as other speech。 。。。more

Jeremy ，

Really interesting thinking about how shaping the narrative plays into shaping geo-politics。 The ISIS stuff was especially fascinating

Allie ，

A surprisingly interesting listen -- akin to "Likewar" 2。0。 Aside from discussing information operations with respect to ISIS and Russia， the author also provided insights to State Department public affairs and the creation of the Global Engagement Center。 While his experience is dated to Secretary Kerry， it provides an inside look to how America spreads information in an attempt to curtail disinformation。 A surprisingly interesting listen -- akin to "Likewar" 2。0。 Aside from discussing information operations with respect to ISIS and Russia， the author also provided insights to State Department public affairs and the creation of the Global Engagement Center。 While his experience is dated to Secretary Kerry， it provides an inside look to how America spreads information in an attempt to curtail disinformation。 。。。more

Ace Brownstone ，

I'd give this a 3。5 if I could。 As a dear friend said of the book， "it contains a great deal of interesting information presented in a less than compelling way"。 The author is mistakenly under the impression that the minutiae of life in government is what readers are interested in and he can't help but view almost every interaction with the governmental bureaucracy in a comparative light to the private sector， often drawing myopic and boorish conclusions， which is a dull distraction。 However， wh I'd give this a 3。5 if I could。 As a dear friend said of the book， "it contains a great deal of interesting information presented in a less than compelling way"。 The author is mistakenly under the impression that the minutiae of life in government is what readers are interested in and he can't help but view almost every interaction with the governmental bureaucracy in a comparative light to the private sector， often drawing myopic and boorish conclusions， which is a dull distraction。 However， when he sticks to the details of the information wars， it's fascinating。 It's also depressing and somewhat terrifying， but a worthy read all the same。 。。。more

Karen ，

I put off reading this book because I thought it would be dull， boring & a chore to read。 However， I decided it was my responsibility to learn more about disinformation & that this book could "school" me on this topic。 Imagine my surprise that after I started reading this book that I actually enjoyed reading it besides learning a lot。 I highly recommend it。 I put off reading this book because I thought it would be dull， boring & a chore to read。 However， I decided it was my responsibility to learn more about disinformation & that this book could "school" me on this topic。 Imagine my surprise that after I started reading this book that I actually enjoyed reading it besides learning a lot。 I highly recommend it。 。。。more

Dan Cotter ，

This is an interesting book， given insights into how the Secretary of State office works and also the information wars that are taking place on the worldwide stage。

Richard ，

This is a page-turner that you will not want to set down。 While acknowledging that disinformation has a long history across many societies， Stengel lays out the sky-high stakes for all of us today。 The globalization of ommunications systems has facilitated disinformation across all of our media。 Stengel not only persuasively lays out the challenge， but also has suggestions for addressing the mess we have gotten into。 As he makes clear， only an informed public can begin to turn around the forces This is a page-turner that you will not want to set down。 While acknowledging that disinformation has a long history across many societies， Stengel lays out the sky-high stakes for all of us today。 The globalization of ommunications systems has facilitated disinformation across all of our media。 Stengel not only persuasively lays out the challenge， but also has suggestions for addressing the mess we have gotten into。 As he makes clear， only an informed public can begin to turn around the forces that would leave us victims of those who want to manipulate our minds。 。。。more

Marya ，

More of a memoir of his time at the State Department， this surprisingly readable books discusses the government's response to disinformation in the age of social media。 It does plead a good case for information literacy， but then， when have we ever had that？ Many of the ways we keep our underclasses， well， under， is by employing disinformation domestically。 More than teaching information literacy， I'd like to see a country in which it is demanded。 More of a memoir of his time at the State Department， this surprisingly readable books discusses the government's response to disinformation in the age of social media。 It does plead a good case for information literacy， but then， when have we ever had that？ Many of the ways we keep our underclasses， well， under， is by employing disinformation domestically。 More than teaching information literacy， I'd like to see a country in which it is demanded。 。。。more

Steph ，

3。5 As has been stated， this book reads more like a memoir as it is based almost solely on Stengel's personal experience。 Not that there is anything wrong with that as his experience in the field is relevant， timely， and impressive， I just felt like the title and overview could have been more forthright。 That said， I appreciated his honest reflections throughout where he takes ownership of his mistakes and what he overlooked。 Worthwhile， but I think I will search for something more comprehensive 3。5 As has been stated， this book reads more like a memoir as it is based almost solely on Stengel's personal experience。 Not that there is anything wrong with that as his experience in the field is relevant， timely， and impressive， I just felt like the title and overview could have been more forthright。 That said， I appreciated his honest reflections throughout where he takes ownership of his mistakes and what he overlooked。 Worthwhile， but I think I will search for something more comprehensive in addition to this text to supplement the issue which the book highlights （which I what we should do anyway so maybe I'm being too critical。） 。。。more

Amanda ，

This book sells itself as being all about disinformation， and particularly how disinformation is being used by the Russians and ISIS。 And that's sort of true， but sort of not true。 The first 30-40% of the novel reads more like Stengel's memoir of his time at the State Department。 I'm a nerd for Obama-era D。C。 memoirs， so that was fine， but definitely not what the "blurb" says the book is about。 I was reading this book for its suitability as a college course "textbook" of sorts on how disinformat This book sells itself as being all about disinformation， and particularly how disinformation is being used by the Russians and ISIS。 And that's sort of true， but sort of not true。 The first 30-40% of the novel reads more like Stengel's memoir of his time at the State Department。 I'm a nerd for Obama-era D。C。 memoirs， so that was fine， but definitely not what the "blurb" says the book is about。 I was reading this book for its suitability as a college course "textbook" of sorts on how disinformation has operated in the last decade。 There are definitely parts of the book that could work， but overall I don't know that I'll use as much as I was hoping I would。 For a book that was written by a former magazine editor， it really lacked narrative cohesion or trajectory。 It often felt very disjointed and it sort of felt like Stengel didn't really know what his point was （other than the government is bad at combatting disinformation）。 。。。more

James Bourland ，

So I wasn't sure what to expect with this book， honestly because I bought the wrong book （I was originally looking for "The Revolution That Wasn't"， but I mixed them up， simply due to the common theme）。 All that said， I'm really glad I made the mistake of buying this one。 This was a really interesting book。 It's the insider's view of the State Department， but told from the perspective of someone who was not a career State employee。 I didn't have much of an idea as to how State operated， but than So I wasn't sure what to expect with this book， honestly because I bought the wrong book （I was originally looking for "The Revolution That Wasn't"， but I mixed them up， simply due to the common theme）。 All that said， I'm really glad I made the mistake of buying this one。 This was a really interesting book。 It's the insider's view of the State Department， but told from the perspective of someone who was not a career State employee。 I didn't have much of an idea as to how State operated， but thanks to this account， it's just as I thought it was: the epitome of bureaucracy。 IWhile that sounds insanely drab， the narrative was the opposite。 I was floored with the amount of time it took for a "tweet" to be vetted， and the many "hands" that believed they had a say in the general direction of Stengel's project in the book。 I honestly couldn't read the book fast enough。 I appreciate the format the book is written in， jumping from the online battle against ISIS to the Russian/Ukrainian front。 Stengel highlights key characters and events from his time at State， and the evolution of the CSCC to the Global Engagement Center （GEC）--and then the sudden halt to progress that was made。 My only complaint is that the book ended so abruptly--much like the progress that had been made over the Obama administration。 It's unfortunate that we were unable to see the GEC's true potential after the 2016 election。 I highly recommend this book， even if you bought it by mistake！ Very insightful and easy to follow， acronyms and all。 。。。more

Ed Barton ，

Of the 300+ pages in the book， only about 40 cover policy discussions and fulfill the title's promise。 That doesn't make for a bad book， but certainly a different one than expected。 Richard Stengel's memoir of his time at the State Department resonates with bureaucracy， dry humor， and the type of readability that you would expect from a former award winning journalist。 Whether it is describing the gloomy offices on the first floor， the Senate confirmation process， or meetings with POTUS， you get Of the 300+ pages in the book， only about 40 cover policy discussions and fulfill the title's promise。 That doesn't make for a bad book， but certainly a different one than expected。 Richard Stengel's memoir of his time at the State Department resonates with bureaucracy， dry humor， and the type of readability that you would expect from a former award winning journalist。 Whether it is describing the gloomy offices on the first floor， the Senate confirmation process， or meetings with POTUS， you get a sense for how far behind the US is in propaganda since the end of the Cold War。 I wish more of the book focused on the how to fix it elements， but the insights into the "workings" of the State Department alone make it worth the read。 。。。more

Eric Layton ，

An interesting read。 Unfortunately， Stengel spends too much time on his experiences in the State Dept。 rather than on the topic of the book's title。 I understand he was trying to set background， but only about the last 50 pages or so were important to the topic。That being said， his description of how government works behind the closed doors is nearly as terrifying as the topic of information cyber-warfare。 If this is how bureaucracy gets things done， we're all doomed。 An interesting read。 Unfortunately， Stengel spends too much time on his experiences in the State Dept。 rather than on the topic of the book's title。 I understand he was trying to set background， but only about the last 50 pages or so were important to the topic。That being said， his description of how government works behind the closed doors is nearly as terrifying as the topic of information cyber-warfare。 If this is how bureaucracy gets things done， we're all doomed。 。。。more

Scott Martin ，

（3。5 Stars） Not the most uplifting read， but one that has some significant ramifications for the world today。 It is part memoir， part educational/current affairs work about some of the key information confrontations the US has faced in the past few years。 In particular， when the author was working at the State Department during the Obama Administration。 It follows the two biggest international informational challengers that the US dealt with during his State Department time: ISIS and Russia。 Bot （3。5 Stars） Not the most uplifting read， but one that has some significant ramifications for the world today。 It is part memoir， part educational/current affairs work about some of the key information confrontations the US has faced in the past few years。 In particular， when the author was working at the State Department during the Obama Administration。 It follows the two biggest international informational challengers that the US dealt with during his State Department time: ISIS and Russia。 Both caught the US off-guard， and often saw the most powerful nation in the world playing defense in the information realm。 For Russia， disinformation is a well-established part of their game。 The rise of the internet and social media gave them a new platform in which to engage in their form of information warfare against the US and its values， with a higher degree of success than the author would like to have admitted。 The US lacked the focus and understanding of Russia and their mindset， thus leaving them unchallenged in their assertions and actions， which still have significant ramifications on international policy。 With ISIS， their recent military setbacks dampened their once formidable on-line presence， but particularly in the early 2010s， they were a significant information threat to the US and its interests in the Muslim World。 It also didn’t help that the US had trouble determining the right audience for ISIS and their counter-information strategy。 As for the US， the government mechanisms， especially the ones at State Department， were often not sufficient to counter the rise of social media and the ability for disinformation to spread so rapidly and rebuff the efforts of fact-checkers and accurate， verified information。 That the author was once an editor for Time Magazine makes his observations particularly insightful， as a man used to one form of media had to face the impact of newer systems and mindsets。 The end does offer some hope and ways ahead in how the US can counter the various forms of disinformation that seem to trip up US foreign policy。 However， the current administration is not helping matters in this realm。 It is possible， the book is far from optimistic that the US can overcome many of these challenges in a timely fashion。 There is good information， but I probably could have done without all the person recollections。 Still， not a bad read， and one that does have some use as a teaching aid/warning about the power of disinformation， and that the US is not all powerful。 。。。more

Sjpinnow ，

Both mindblowing and mundane， look at the Info War thats been subtly ruining our lives， now moreso than ever。 This is eye-opening while painting a pretty awful picture of our failures in the process。 The purposeful weaponization of information， civility， and privacy is something we all need to understand is happening to us before we can do anything about it。 This book helps with that。

Cj ，

Richard Stengel is charming and entertaining。 This is a very easy read on a very scary subject。 Mr。 Stengel presents his experiences working for the State Department as if you were having a conversation with him over drinks。 There are no state secrets。 His commentary on those working with him is affable and complimentary。 This isn't a vicious take down of all that is government。 This is very much a first person account of his experiences。 But with his credentials， it is certainly worth giving hi Richard Stengel is charming and entertaining。 This is a very easy read on a very scary subject。 Mr。 Stengel presents his experiences working for the State Department as if you were having a conversation with him over drinks。 There are no state secrets。 His commentary on those working with him is affable and complimentary。 This isn't a vicious take down of all that is government。 This is very much a first person account of his experiences。 But with his credentials， it is certainly worth giving his view point considerable thought。 I liked it。 It wasn't dry or puffed up with unnecessary jargon。 Very pleasant and informative （which is eerie considering how alarming the subject matter is。） 。。。more

Karen Burghart ，

“Propaganda is a misdemeanor。 Disinformation is a felony”We as Americans need to be a lot more aware of the intentional disinformation being promulgated every single day。

Alex ，

Much more anecdotal and like a memoir （including the first 1/3 about what it’s like to work in the State Dept etc） than analytical。 And a lot more about the frustration of working within the US bureaucracy。 May be better for readers less familiar with US policy making generally， but on information operations specifically， disappointing。 For analysis， skip to the last chapter， which could be a stand-alone article。

Ilib4kids ，

355。343 STE eAudioState: 政权Terms: autocrats and authoritarian governments。p3 Why does disinformation work？ Well， disinformation almost always hits its target because the target-you， me， everyone-rises up to meet it。 We ask for it。 Social scientists call this confirmation bias。 We seek out information that confirms our beliefs。 Disinformation sticks because it fits into our mental map of how the world works。 The internet is the greatest delivery system for confirmation bias in history。p4 The ana 355。343 STE eAudioState: 政权Terms: autocrats and authoritarian governments。p3 Why does disinformation work？ Well， disinformation almost always hits its target because the target-you， me， everyone-rises up to meet it。 We ask for it。 Social scientists call this confirmation bias。 We seek out information that confirms our beliefs。 Disinformation sticks because it fits into our mental map of how the world works。 The internet is the greatest delivery system for confirmation bias in history。p4 The analytical and behavioral tools of the web are built to give us information we agree with。 If Google and Faceook see that yon like the Golden State Warriors， they will give you more Steph Curry。 If you buy an antiwrinkle face cream， they will give you a lot more information about moisturizers。 If you like Rachel Maddow or Tucker Carlson， the algorithm will give you content that reflects your political persuasion。 What it won't do is give you content that questions your beliefs。First， let's face it， democracies are not very good at combating disinformation。 I found this out firsthand at the State Department。。 While autocracies demand a single point of view， democracies thrive on the marketplace of ideas。 We like to argue。 We like a diversity of opinion。 We're open to different convictions and theories， and that includes bad and false ones。 In fact， we protect them。 Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes famously argued that the First Amendment protects "the thought that we hate。" And frankly， that's a handicap when it comes to responding disinformation。 It's just not in our DNA as Americans to censor what we disagree with。 "The spirit of liberty，" said Learned Hand， "is the spirit which is not too sure that it is right。"Disinformation is especially hard for us to fight because our adversaries use our strengths-our openness， our free press， our commitment to free speech-against us。 Our foes use free media just like political candidates do。 They understand that our press's reflex toward balance and "fairness" allow them to get their own destructive ideas into our information system。 p5 Not that long ago， the internet and social media were seen as democratizing and emancipating。 The idea was that universal access to information would undermine authoritarian leaders and states。 In many cases， it does。 But autocrats and authoritarian governments have adapted。 They have gone from fearing the flow of information to exploiting it。 They understand that the same tools that spread dermocracy can engineer its undoing。 Autocrats can spread disinformation and curtail the flow of accurate information at the same time。 That's a dangerous combination for the future of democracy。p8 In fact， our word "disinformation" is taken from the Rusion desinformatsiya， which was reportedly coined by Stalin。' Both ISIS and Russia saw and depicted America as a place riven by hypocrisy。 racism， and prejudice， and the primary source of global injustice。p12 My experience in government changed my view of the information and media industry in a fundamental way。 As a journalist， I had always see ininformation as the lifeblood of democracy。。。 Like so many， I saw the rise of the internet as a fantastic boon to global freedom and democracy- the more knowledge people had， the better able they would be to choose how to govern themselves and live their own lives。 I still do。 But these new tools and platforms are neutral。 As Aristotle said of rhetoric， it can be used for good or ill。 I came to see that dictators and autocrats and con men quickly figured out how to use these new tools to fool and intimidate people。 They used the tools of democracy and freedom to repress democracy and freedom。 We need to use those same tools to protect those values。I had always believed in the notion that the best ideas triumph what Justice William O。 Douglas called "the market place of ideas。" This notion is found in John Milton and John Stuart Mill and is a bedrock principle in our democracy。 But everyone presumed that the marketplace would be a level playing field。 That a rational audience would ultimately see the truth。 I think we all now know that this is a pipe dream。 Unfortunately， facts don't come highlighted in yellow。 A false sentence reads the same as a true one。 It's not enough to battle falsehood with truth; the truth does not always win。 In foreign policy， there's the classic divide between realism and idealism。 When it came to information， I'd always been an idealist。 I believed that sunlight was the best disinfectant。 I left office as an information realist。 Disinformation， as I said earlier， isn't a new problem， but the case with which it can be spread on social media is。 Today we are all actors in a global information war that is ubiquitous， difficult to comprehend， and unfair。 It is a war without end， a war without limitsor boundaries。 A war that we still don't quite know how to fight。 To say the truth is under attack is a beautiful phrase。 But the problem is that people have their own truths， and these truths are often at war with one another。 We no longer seem able to agree on what is a fact or how to determine one。 The truth is， it's impossible to stop people from creating falsehoods and other people from believing them。 So， looking back， there was a lot that we saw that we did something about。 There was a lot that we saw that we didn't or couldn't do anything about。 And there was a lot that we just didn't see。 I saw part of the picture but not all of it。 I wish I had been able to connect the dots faster。 I wish I had been able to do more。 And there was always the sense that it couldn't happen here。p18 Established in 1789 under President George Washington， the State Department was the first cabinet-level agency to be created under the new executive branch。 It was responsible-then and now-for managing the foreign affairs of the U。S。 government。 The first Secretary of State， Thomas Jefferson， had a staff of one chief clerk， three subordinate clerks， a translator， and a messenger。 There were just two diplomatic posts， London and Paris。 Today， the department has more than 40，000 employees， over 200 diplomatic posts， and a budget of $50 billion。 In addition to the high-level diplomacy conducted by ambassadors and envoys， State Department does more prosaic tasks， like issuing passports for American citizens and visas for foreigners traveling to the United State。 。。。more

Alex Hall ，

Th's book is more of a memoir of Stengel’s time working as an undersecretary to John Kerry and helping the state department to address the growing disinformation campaigns coming from ISIS and Russia than a roadmap for what to do about it—the latter comes in a short section at the end。 That being said， this is required reading。 Th's book is more of a memoir of Stengel’s time working as an undersecretary to John Kerry and helping the state department to address the growing disinformation campaigns coming from ISIS and Russia than a roadmap for what to do about it—the latter comes in a short section at the end。 That being said， this is required reading。 。。。more

Andrea ，

This book contains a great deal of interesting information presented in a less than compelling way， but overall worth a read。

C。 S。 ，

By turns eye opening， maddening， fascinating， and humorous。 I haven't been sucked in by a book （let alone a nonfiction book） like this in a while。 Read in just a couple of sittings。 Highly recommended for fans of memoirs， politics， and current affairs。 By turns eye opening， maddening， fascinating， and humorous。 I haven't been sucked in by a book （let alone a nonfiction book） like this in a while。 Read in just a couple of sittings。 Highly recommended for fans of memoirs， politics， and current affairs。 。。。more

Reference

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